Eccentric training modalities to affect joint range of motion and flexibility in the rehabilitation process of lower limb musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review.

Musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or dysfunctions of the human musculoskeletal system, causing severe long-term pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Techniques such as manual therapy, massage, stretching and active mobilisation can be used to improve joint mobility and provide early functional treatment in the rehabilitation of injured tissues. These techniques induce healing processes and reduce the development of pathological cross-links. Eccentric training is an effective method of increasing muscle and joint mobility. The results of existing studies indicate that early eccentric training can help to improve range of motion, reduce pain, and restore function. However, the question of which eccentric training modalities should be used in the rehabilitation process of lower limb musculoskeletal disorders cannot be answered based on current research literature.

Scoping reviews follow a systematic approach to summarise the evidence on a topic and identify the key concepts, theories, sources, and gaps in knowledge. This method of knowledge synthesis is indicated to answer the question of practical applications of eccentric training modalities for different musculoskeletal disorders. The current scoping review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A comprehensive literature search is conducted using a two-step search strategy. The results are presented in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) recommendations to ensure a comprehensive description of each training modality regarding its practical application.